Chess - The chess machine is an ideal one to start with, since: (1) the problem is sharply defined both in allowed operations (the moves) and in the ultimate goal (checkmate); (2) it is neither so simple as to be trivial nor too difficult for satisfactory solution; (3) chess is generally considered to require 'thinking' for skilful play; a solution of this problem will force us either to admit the possibility of a mechanized thinking or to further restrict our concept of 'thinking'; (4) the discrete structure of chess fits well into the digital nature of modern computers.