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Milk Milk is an opaque white liquid produced by the mammary glands of female mammals (including monotremes). It provides the primary source of nutrition for newborn mammals before they are able to digest other types of food. The early lactation milk is known as colostrum, and carries the mother's antibodies to the baby. It can reduce the risk of many diseases in the baby. The exact components of raw milk varies by species, but it contains significant amounts of saturated fat, protein and calcium as well as vitamin C. Milk is an emulsion or colloid of butterfat globules within a water-based fluid. Each fat globule is surrounded by a membrane consisting of phospholipids and proteins; these emulsifiers keep the individual globules from joining together into noticeable grains of butterfat and also protect the globules from the fat-digesting activity of enzymes found in the fluid portion of the milk. In unhomogenized cow milk, the fat globules average about four micrometers across. The fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K are found within the milkfat portion of the milk (McGee 18). The largest structures in the fluid portion of the milk are casein protein micelles: aggregates of several thousand protein molecules, bonded with the help of nanometer-scale particles of calcium phosphate. Each micelle is roughly spherical and about a tenth of a micrometer across. There are four different types of casein proteins, and collectively they make up around 80 percent of the protein in milk, by weight. Most of the casein proteins are bound into the micelles. There are several competing theories regarding the precise structure of the micelles, but they share one important feature: the outermost layer consists of strands of one type of protein, kappa-casein, reaching out from the body of the micelle into the surrounding fluid. These Kappa-casein molecules all have a negative electrical charge and therefore repel each other, keeping the micelles separated under normal conditions and in a stable colloidal suspension in the water-based surrounding fluid Uploaded by tirtha9 (436) • 1 year ago Tags: milk, diseases, risk, activity, suspension tirtha9 (436)

UNDERSTANDING HOW THE BRAIN WORKS

It's important to understand the complexity of the human brain. The human brain weighs only three pounds but is estimated to have about 100 billion cells. It is hard to get a handle on a number that...

analog to digital converter

analog-to-digital converter,the input signal is processed with an electronic low-pass filter to remove all frequencies above the Nyquist frequency (one-half the sampling rate). This is done to...

layers of atmosphere

The Earth's Atmosphere The present atmosphere of the Earth is probably not its original atmosphere. Our current atmosphere is what chemists would call an oxidizing atmosphere, while the...

Can I get struck by lightning when I'm indoors?

Can I get struck by lightning when I'm indoors? Over 1,000 people get struck by lightning every year in the United States, and over 100 of them die as a result of the strike. Lightning is a...

No Water Day Four, and Why Kalyn Won't be Posting Recipes for a Few Days

What's a food blogger to do when it's day four without water, every dish in the house is dirty, no way to wash them, and there's a big hole in the lawn where the water meter used to be? Take photos...

Hydrogel Nanoparticles for Serum Cancer Biomarkers Harvesting

An interesting concept for the use of hydrogel nanoparticles for diagnostic and cancer monitoring purposes is being presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research:...

Nanoparticle Sniffing Nose to Fight Cancer

Why let those dogs get all the press? A group at University of Massachusetts Amherst led by Dr Vincent Rotello and Uwe Bunz of the Georgia Institute of Technology has created a nanoparticle sensing...

At The Risk Of Beating A Sacred Cow….

There has been a lot of interest in the "$100 laptop" project led by Nicholas Negroponte, the former director of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Media Lab. The goal is to provide a...

Electrical Charges Worsen Respiratory Ailments

The Independent continues its rather ridiculous, non-science-based campaign for eletrosmog: The UK paper decided to take a stand, and decided to ignore the preponderance of evidence. In their latest...

AtTENTION ALL ATHEISTS! Maybe I was wrong.

So, upon posting my blog "attention all atheists!" I was met with many comments that suggested I was ignorant. That the website was faulty. That by providing a link, I didn't know what I...

Breakthrough In Energy Storage: New Carbon Material Shows Promise Of Storing Large Quantities Of Re

Engineers and scientists have achieved a breakthrough in the use of a one-atom thick structure called "graphene" as a new carbon-based material for storing electrical charge in ultracapacitor...