How can I walk a dog without using leash?

well, I think this all depends sometimes on the dog (the type of dog) and the dogs bond and trust with you. My first dog was very good and did not run off and we showed him trust and he just stayed- many dogs require training to do this. You can teach recall using treats. Usually easier with 2 people. standing farther and farther apart also using a LONG leash like 20 feet. when he gets very good at coming WHEN you call him because he wants to - give him praise and not so many treats. teach him good obedience and remember to have patience. A dog that loves and trusts you will be very happy to stay by your side. (granted there are always those dogs that are the exception- certain breeds just like to run or run off- like huskies and greyhounds and they probably will and should require leashes- especially in cities. I have done it successfully with a couple of dogs and I also have a couple I do not trust. it all depends.. good luck to you.