Bengal REnaisance

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Definition of Renaissance: The Renaissance was an influential cultural movement, which brought about a period of scientific revolution and artistic transformation, at the dawn of modern European history. It marks the transitional period between the end of the Middle Ages and the start of the Modern Age. The Renaissance is usually considered to have begun in the 14th century in Italy and the 16th century in northern Europe. It is also known as "Rinascimento" (in Italian). Renaissance: Science & Technology: The men of the Renaissance founded modern science. The Renaissance began in Italy, moved to France, Holland and saw its greatest achievements in England. These countries all played major role in the advancement of science as well as the other areas of Renaissance development. Germany contributed very little because of the religious overtones of the thirty years' war and the single-minded baronies devoted to conquering one another. Spain was cursed by the religious fanaticism of the Inquisition and as such contributed essentially nothing to the Renaissance. NICHOLAS COPERNICUS:(1473-1543) He was a Polish astronomer. He studied astronomy from the University of Krakow. He lectured in Rome on mathematics and astronomy; in 1512 he settled in Frauenburg, East Prussia. The work that immortalized him is De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, in which he set forth his beliefs concerning the universe, known as the Copernican system. First modern European theory of planetary motion that was heliocentric, i.e., that placed the sun motionless at the center of the solar system with all the planets, including the earth, revolving around it. This theory was developed in the early 16th century. JOHANNES KEPLER: (1571-1630) Johannes Kepler was a German mathematician and astronomer who postulated that the Earth and planets travel about the sun in oval orbits. He gave three fundamental laws of planetary motion, which are known as KEPLER’S LAWS. It opened the way for the development of celestial mechanics, i.e. the application of laws of physics to the motion of heavenly bodies. Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion. Leonardo da Vinci: (1452-1519) Italian painter, sculptor, architect, musician, engineer, and scientist, b. near Vinci, a hill village in Tuscany. The versatility and creative power of Leonardo mark him as a supreme example of Renaissance genius. He depicted in his drawings, with scientific precision and consummate artistry, subjects ranging from flying machines to caricatures; he also executed intricate anatomical studies of people, animals, and plants. View of a skull. (1489) Study of a Womb. (1489) Design for a flying machine. (1488) Anatomy of a male nude. (1504) GALILEO. (1564-1642) Great Italian astronomer, mathematician, and physicist. By his persistent investigation of natural laws he laid foundations for modern experimental science, and by the construction of astronomical telescopes he greatly enlarged humanity's vision and conception of the universe. He gave a mathematical formulation to many physical laws. The telescope was one of the central instruments of what has been called the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century. Telescope. (1609) ANATOMY. Andreas Vesalius (1514-64) was a Belgian anatomist and physician whose dissections of the human body and descriptions of his finding helped to correct misconceptions prevailing since ancient times.