UNDERSTANDING PHOTOGRAPHY

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The word photography comes from the words photo meaning light and graph means picture. So photography can mean drawing / painting with light. Types of cameras a) The camera films, now also known as analog cameras by a few people. Movie format Before we go into the types of film cameras is useful to know in advance the various formats / sizes movies. 1. APS, Advanced Photography System. Small Format with 16x24mm film size, packaged in a cartridge. Although this format is relatively new, but popular. Stores that sell this type of movie is hard to find in Indonesia 2. 135 format. Also known as 35mm film. Have a size of 24x36mm, packaged in a cartridge containing 20 or 36 frames. This format is the most popular format, we encounter many around us 3. Medium format 4. Large format Genre 1. Film B / W, black and white negative film 2. Color negative film. The most popular, we often use 3. Positive film, also called a slide. More expensive and prone to overexposure. However the resulting colors better because it can capture a wider contrast range Types of Camera Film 1. Pocket / compact. Pocket camera. Popular for the layman, simple and easy to operate. Using a 35mm-format film 2. Rangefinder. Distance seekers camera. Small, at first glance similar to a pocket camera. The difference is, this camera has a mechanism fokusing (hence called a rangefinder). Generally use the 35mm format film 3. SLR, Single Lens Reflex. Single lens reflex camera. Popular among professionals, amateurs and hobbyists. Generally have lenses that can be replaced. Using a 35mm format film. Also called system cameras 4. TLR, Twin Lens Reflex. Double lens reflex camera. Typically use medium format 5. Viewfinder. Typically use medium format Camera manual and automatic cameras. SLR cameras are already equipped for autofocus and autoexposure systems but can still be operated manually. b) Digital Camera Using a digital sensor instead of a movie 1. Consumer. Compact cameras, inexpensive, easy to use. Lens can not be replaced. Mostly just had a full-automatic mode. Just point and shoot. Some, such as the Canon A series, has a manual mode. 2. Prosumer. SLR-like cameras, moderate prices. Lens can not be replaced. Manual and auto shooting mode 3. DSLR. Digital SLR Camera Lenses eye of the camera, generally determines the quality of the resulting image lens has 2 important properties ie focal length and maximum aperture. Field of View (FOV) each lens has a wide field of view depending on its focal length and wide of the film / sensor used. Field of View Crop often mistakenly referred to as the focal length multiplier. Nearly all digital cameras have a smaller sensor size than 35mm film, then the digital camera field of view is smaller than on a 35mm camera. Eg a 50 mm lens on a Nikon D70 has the same FOV with the 75mm lens on a 35mm film camera (1.5x FOV crop factor) Types of Lenses a. based on prime-vario 1. Fixed focal / Prime, has a fixed focal length, eg, Fujinon 35mm F/3.5 has a focal length of 35 mm. Prime lens less flexible, but the quality is higher than the zoom lens at the same price 2. Zoom / Vario, has a focal length that can be changed, such as the Canon EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 has a focal length that can be changed from 18 mm to 55 mm. Flexible because the focal length can be set b. based on focal length 1. Wide, wide FOV lens, focal length 35 mm or less. Typically used for photographing landscapes and buildings 2. Normal, focal length of about 50 mm. Lens is versatile, fast and cheap prices 3. Telephoto, the lens with a narrow field of view, focal length of 70mm or more. To shoot from distance c. based on the maximum aperture 1. Fast, has a wide maximum aperture 2. Slow, has a narrow maximum aperture d. special lenses 1. Macro lens, used to shoot from close range 2. Tilt and Shift lens, can be bent Provisions wide lens / telephoto (focal length based) above applies to a 35mm film camera. Nikkor lens 50 mm normal lens on a 35mm film camera, but a telephoto lens when used on digital camera Nikon D70. Nikon D70 Nikkor 50 mm FOV FOV lens equivalent to 75 mm on a 35mm film camera Other auxiliary equipment - Tripod, required for a photo shoot at a slow pace. At slow speeds, avoid shaking the camera when held by hand (handheld). In general the minimum speed is 1/focal handhel. Bring a tripod when hunting can be a hassle. For the purposes of hunting usually brought tripod is lightweight and small tripod. - Monopod, like a tripod, one leg. More portability. Can only eliminate vertical shake it. - Flash / flash / flash, for menerangai objects in dark conditions - Filter, to filter out incoming light. There are many kinds: UV, filter out UV light to prevent hazy on foto2 landscape, often used to protect the lens from dust. PL / CPL (Polarizer / Circular Polarizar) to reduce shadows on non-metallic surfaces. Could be to increase the contrast of the sky Exposure the amount of light entering the camera, depending on the aperture and speed. - Aperture / diaphragm. The bigger the aperture the more light that enters. Aperture is expressed by the numerical values ??are as follows: f / 1.4 f / 2 f / 3.5 f/5.6 f / 8. the bigger the number (f number), the smaller the aperture aperture - Shutter speed / aperture. The sooner, the less light that enters - ISO, expressed sensitivity sensor / film. ISOnya The higher the number the less light is needed. ISO 100 film requires 2 times the amount of light the film ISO 200 Example: f/5.6 aperture combinations excl. 1/500 at ISO 100 equivalent aperture f / 8 ti 1/500 or f/5.6 district. 1/1000 at ISO 200. Exposure meter, light meter. Almost every modern camera has an internal light meter. Also available external light meter Exposure metering (often abbreviated as metering) is a method of measuring light 1. Average metering, measuring the average light around the frame 2. Center-weighted average metering, measuring the average light with the center of gravity 3. Matrix / Evaluative metering, Measuring the light in various parts of the frame, and then calculated with the automated methods specified 4. Spot metering, measuring the light only on a small section at the center of the frame only Exposure compensation, 18% gray. Exposure meter and measure the light always get the highest measurement so that the resulting image light ranged in the 18% gray. So if we are aiming for a piece of white cloth and use the exposure setting as shown by the meter, then the white cloth will be gray in the photograph. To overcome this we have to do the exposure compensation. Exposure so we added a white cloth. Under exposured = images are too dark due to lack of exposure Over exposured = photo too bright due to excess exposure The term stop Up 1 stop, meaning that exposure was increased to 2 times. Rose 2 stop, it means increased exposure to 4 times. Down 1 stop exposure was reduced to half time. Down 2 stop exposure was reduced to 1/4 times. Increase of 1 stop on the aperture as follows: f/22; f/16; f/11 f / 8 f / 5,6 f / 4 f / 2.8, f / 2. Different number each f stop was 0.7 times (1 / akar2). Increase of 1 stop on the district. Rana as follows: 1/2000; 1/1000; 1/500; 1/250; 1/125; 1/60; 1/30; 1/15; eighth; quarter; half; 1. Different speed each stop is 2 times DOF, depth of field, depth of field. DOF is the sharp area around the focus. Depth of field is influenced by a large aperture, focal length, and distance to the object. 1. Aperture, the larger the aperture (the smaller the f number) then the DOF will be more shallow / narrow 2. Focal length (real), the focal length, DOF more shallow / narrow 3. Distance to the object, the closer the distance to the object then the DOF more shallow / narrow DOF election - If the narrow DOF, FG and BG will blur. Narrow DOF is used if we want to isolate / highlighting objects from the surrounding environment such as the portraits or pictures of flowers. - If the DOF wide, FG and BG look sharper. DOF wide use if we want almost all parts of the picture look sharp, as in the photograph of a landscape or photojournalism. Shooting mode Auto mode, point and shoot mode, just aim and snap 1. Full auto, the camera determines all parameters 2. Portrait, the camera uses the largest aperture for narrow DOF 3. Landscape, using the camera's smallest aperture 4. Nightscene, use slow speed and flash for capturing the objects and BG at once 5. Shuter fast speed 6. Slow shutter speed Creative zone 1. P, program AE. Similar to auto mode with more control. With this mode we can control the exposure compensation, ISO, metering mode, Auto / manual focus, white balance, flash on / off, and continues shooting. 2. Tv, shutter speed priority AE. We determine the speed, the camera will calculate the correct aperture 3. Av, aperture priority AE. We determine the aperture, the camera adjusts the speed 4. M, manual exposure. We are determining the aperture and speed manually Composition and Angle Composition is the placement of an object in a picture frame Angle is the angle of shooting, from below, above, or equal Concerning the composition and angle more to the art of photography. Factors photographer tastes great effect.