dog training  

Part1:
Learning Theory
Positive Reinforcement - add something the dog values to increase a behavior
Example: Dog sits on cue, you reward. Dog is more likely to sit on cue in the future.
Negative Reinforcement - take away something the dog finds aversive to increase a behavior
Example: Dog does not sit on cue, you tighten his collar only releasing the pressure once he sits. Dog is more likely to sit on cue in the future.
Positive Punishment - add something the dog finds aversive to decrease a behavior
Example: Dog jumps up on you, you squirt him with a blast of water, dog jumps down. Dog is less likely to jump up on you in the future.
Negative Punishment - take away something the dog values to decrease a behavior
Example: Puppy nips during play, you end the play session. Puppy is less likely to nip in the future
Extinction - extinguish a behavior by removing the reward that was maintaining it
Example: Dog barks at the dinner table and has previously been rewarded with tidbits from the table. Dog barks at the dinner table, owner no longer offers tidbits. Dog eventually stops barking at dinner table.

Reward Markers (RM)
* A reward marker is a unique word or sound that is paired with rewards. It is used to mark a correct behavior the instant it occurs. It works as a bridge between the behavior and the reward.
Examples: "Yes!", "Good", the sound of a Clicker
To create a reward marker simply pair your chosen marker with a reward such treats. If you're using a Clicker, you'll click/treat for no behavior in particular about 20 times in a row. If your using a word such as "Yes!" you'll say "Yes!"/treat about 20 times in a row. The dog should begin to associate the reward marker with the reward.

No Reward Markers (NRM)
* A no reward marker is a unique word used to communicate to the dog that the behavior he just offered was not what you wanted and to try again.
Examples: "Ah Ah", "Too Bad", "Try Again"
To create a no reward marker you can take a treat enclosed in your hand and offer your closed fist to the dog. When the dog paws, licks, or tries to chew on your hand say "Too bad". Wait for the dog to stop trying to get the treat and then reward him. Repeat several times.
Part 2: comming soon