How do you teach a puppy to stop biting?  

Well you already took the first step in getting her chew toys, but if your pup is chewing your funiture then you could always go to either Walmart or PetSmart & buy a spray that you spray on your furniture or anywhere else that your pup is chewing. It has a bitter taste that pups & dogs don't like(no it's not harmful to them, just tastes bad)& so this stops them from chewing. Now if your pup is like mine & she like to bite your fingers or hgand while you play with her just tap her on the nose(not hard enough to hurt her) & say "No" in a firm voice. My pup stops biting me immediately when I say this to her. Hope I was able to help.

that is normal for any dogs to start biting when they are young.
it's young and not disciplined yet so just give it some time to learn how things work in the human world.

i think this is your first time to have a puppy.

I would jsut let her know gently but firmly that biting is not ok. My cat used to do that and I would just tell him firmly "no bite" I still watch him but he doesnt really do it anymore. YOur golden I'm sure is smarter than my cat so he should catch on pretty fast. He wants to please you.

Puppies play by biting each ohters' faces. You have to firmly tell her NO, and give her a substitute. Be clear on what you want from her. Plus, buy a book on training a pup, it's easier to train them when they are young.

One of my favorite stories to quote from National Public Radio is a story about a lady who followed zoo animal trainers to write something about their behavior modification techniques.

http://www.npr.org/templa...

I have yet to purchase Amy Sutherland's book, although from reading the article, I believe that it would be worthwhile...

I'm not sure if the article will exactly answer your question about the golden retriever (she does mention dog training part way through...), but maybe it will help?

Slaps to a puppy may be like playing, if you do it and it hurts, your puppy may pull back from you any time you want to pet it.
Chewing and biting is exactly what your puppy did with its mum and liter mates. It is a play behavior. Now, breaking her of the habit can be done with a loud NO and a squirt of water from a bottle.
Also, you can grip in under its jaw with just enough force to have your fingers push her mouth sides inward. She will be biting the inside of her mouth, that will not feel good, and may break her.
Also as one person mentioned, yelping if you can imitate, whining, these communicate to your puppy in their native language. The girl I have now would jump and hurt, or chew a little. I would whine, jump, and say "NO!", then, "hurt me!" and show her where. It did work. if she even go close, "hurt me" woud stop her dead.
Any puppy of my own, and those I have been around have usually more or less grown out of it after a short time. One, Beau, a black lab german shepherd mix was a real chewer of people. My mum tried swatting him with a paper and a loud "no," I gently swatted with my hand, he simply wanted first to play, then a bit older was apparently cutting teeth, again, just like a human baby.
You could get him a chew toy, and always put it in his mouth, and say "toy." That helped a lot with Beau.
I hope this helps. Puppies grow to be adult dogs, the mates and sojourners of our hearts...
Humans come and go, but my dogs are always there, always caring, and always being a part of my life. I promise it will be worth your struggle.